Celtic Studies; First Year; The North British Kingdoms, their territories, language and history.

After the departure of the Romans, the earlier tribal groupings in North Britain were forced to adapt to their changing circumstances. Their first task for the Britons after the Romans left was defence and the establishment of stable government. In this they appear to have been successful, there is no hint of anarchy, and so this has led many to argue that there was a high degree of continuity after the Romans left, particularly in …

…they controlled Dumbarton Rock they would be able to transport goods almost entirely by water. After a four-month siege, the fortress of Dumbarton Rock was finally reduced. This was the end of the kingdoms of North Britain. Bibliography Aneirin, The Gododdin: translated by Steve Short, (Llanerch Publishers, Felinach. 1994) Duncan, Archibald A.M., Scotland: the making of a kingdom, (Oliver & Boyd. 1975) Menzies, Gordon, Who are the Scots? (BBC. 1971) Smyth, Alfren P., Warlords and Holymen, (Arnold, 1984)