Constitutional Revolutions of Iran and Turkey in the 19th Century.

The Young Turk and Iranian Constitutional Revolutions occurred during a period of transformation. Transformation not only from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries, but also a transformation of society. For the Ottomans, the nineteenth century was the age of the European empires, many of whom influenced and manipulated the society. The result would be a Middle Eastern country emulating European society. This influence was not evident in Iran and those who held power would dictate …

…a constitution that would further their gains. In Iran, this group was the Ulama, the Bazaaris, and the Intellectuals. In the Ottoman empire, it would be the ideology of the Tanzimat. "The Young Turk" movement was a phrase that was coined by the French and adopted by this revolutionary group. It is symbolic of the attitudes of the nation toward Europe that until the French advent of this term, "Turk" was considered a derogatory word.