IB Chemistry - Intermolecular Bonding Essay:

Write an essay on intermolecular bonding. Explain how each type of bond arises and the evidence for the existence of each. Comment on their strengths in relation to the types of atoms involved; the covalent bond and relative to each other. Use the concepts of different types and strengths of intermolecular bonds to explain the following: There exists four types of intermolecular bonding, they include ionic, covalent, Van der waals and hydrogen bonding. In order …

…formed, these act throughout the structure and are strong enough to hold the molecules in place. At the same temperature, chlorine molecules are in a gaseous state. Like iodine, the atoms are bonded covalently in pairs, but because Cl atoms are smaller in size, van der Waals forces are even weaker than in iodine and not strong enough to hold chlorine molecules in place. Therefore Cl molecules remain in a gaseous state at room temperature.