This essay analyzes manipulation in verbal communication. It cites various studies done in the late 80's and 90's on the types of verbal deception.

UNDERSTANDING DECEPTIVE MESSAGES IN VERBAL DISCOURSE Conor L. Murphy University of Portland This study serves to attain a better understanding of deception types and the nature of verbal manipulation. In this report analysis of various research was used to come to a consensus on the different types of verbal deception and how they affect apparent message competence and manipulative qualities. Analysis confirms that the Information Manipulation Theory is the best indicator of deception types in …

…deceptive message design. Still, The IMT cannot calculate what type of deception a person will use in a given situation. Also when testing the IMT, a researcher must judge what constitutes deception. While violations of the maxim of quality and quantity are factually driven, violations of relation and manner are opinion based. While violations of manner and relevance can seem objective at times, the IMT maintains ability to structure the different types of message deception.