European History Essays and Term Papers

was caused by the continual breakdown of the governments in Russia and the incompetency and authoritarian views of it's czars. Their failures as leaders included policies that neither pleased nor benefitted the people. By the end of the nineteenth…

outside of France - on his own initiative, before receiving the Pope's order - was James II of Aragon in Spain. Here, uniquely, the Templars put up some resistance. (Because of the Moorish threat, the Templars of Spain were the most used to military…

Templars in France (there were none in prison anywhere else by the time of the Council of Vienne), the Pope ordered that those who had confessed and been absolved should be allowed to live on former Templar lands, with a pension drawn from the revenues…

were that the Order did not believe in the sacraments, with their priests not consecrating the hosts before Mass, and that the Grand Master and other officials absolved members of their sins. The first is part of the 'standard' set of charges…

in esoteric circles that Freemasonry owes its origins to Knights Templar that were driven underground at the time of the suppression, and who formed themselves into a secret society. Although long derided by historians both inside and outside…

during the 18th and 19th century. At the time, prostitution was a chronic problem of the public order. It became so big in London that it attracted the attention of many groups such as, "the church, the state, the medical profession, philanthropists,…

The foundation for black participation in the Civil War began more than a hundred years before the outbreak of the war. Blacks in America had been in bondage since early colonial times. In 1776, when Jefferson proclaimed mankind's inalienable right…

example of a revenge tragedy. In this drama there are many themes, which can be easily interpreted. The themes of supernatural events, retribution, revenge, greed, and royal family quarrels occur through out this work and are easily recognizable. In…

ruin... six years later he would be in unchallenged power' (Conquest). To see how such a dramatic change, and such an unpredictable defeat of Trotsky, happen you have to look at key figure's personalities, political skill, and or mistakes. You will also…

day, six days a week? How about in 80 degree weather, doing tedious and often dangerous work? To make matters worse, what would it be like to be constantly hungry and tired, knowing that you would face harsh and hurtful punishments if you didn't meet…